Ondansetron

Ondansetron- What is the molecule profile and popular brands?

Ondansetron is an Antiemetic prescribed for nausea and vomiting. Antiemetics treat motion sickness, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and the side effects of general anesthetics and opioid analgesics.

Few medicines act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone-CTZ (in the brain) by preventing the stimulation. The chemoreceptor trigger zone is a vomiting center. Some medications act as prokinetic agents by speeding up the rate at which the stomach empties.

Classification of Antiemetics:

  • 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: Ondansetron, Granisetron, Dolasetron, etc.
  • Dopamine D2-receptor antagonists act in the brain:
    Domperidone, Metoclopramide, Mosapride, etc.
  • Antihistamines or H1- histamine receptor antagonists:
    Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, etc.
  • Benzodiazepines: Midazolam, Lorazepam, etc.
  • Anticholinergics: Scopolamine, Hyoscine, Dicyclomine
    etc.
  • Steroids: Dexamethasone etc.
ParametersDescription
Category of Drug5-HT3 receptor antagonists
Structure 1Ondansetron.png
IUPAC Name 19-methyl-3-[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazol-4-one
Molecular details molecular weight- 293.4 g/mol
molecular formula- C18H19N3O
Mechanism of ActionOndansetron is an Antiemetic prescribed for nausea and vomiting.
IndicationsOndansetron is used for
1. Postoperative nausea and vomiting
2. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy-induced
nausea and vomiting.
Pharmacokinetic properties 51. Absorption- absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; approximately 56% to 60%
2. The volume of distribution – 160L
3. the plasma protein binding -73%
4. extensively metabolized and excreted in the urine and feces
5. Half-life- approximately 3-4 hours and could be extended to 6-8 hours  
Well Known
Pharmaceutical Brands
1. ONDEM- ALKEM
2. EMESET-CIPLA
3. VOMIKIND-MANKIND
4. PERISET-IPCA LABS
5. ZOFER-SUN
6. EMIGO-EMCURE
Available dosage forms1. TABLETS
2. INJECTION
3. DROPS
4. SUSPENSION

Ondansetron (Zofran, Onset) Injection, Tablets - Uses, Dose, Side effects |
DoseAdult- 10 to 20 mg 3 to 4 times a day
Child- 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg TDS.
Storage conditions Store protected from light and moisture.
Contraindications Hypersensitivity
Precautions 1. Moderate to severe liver impairment
2. Pregnancy
3. lactation
4. Hypersensitivity to other selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
5. Subacute intestinal
obstruction
6. Cardiac disease
7. Electrolyte abnormalities
8. QT interval prolongation
Adverse Effects 1. Headache
2. Constipation or diarrhoea
3. Dizziness
4. Flushing
5. Hypersensitivity reaction
6. Anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions
7. Angioedema
8. Bronchospasm
9. Hypotension
10. Laryngeal edema
11. Urticaria
Pregnancy Category B

Reference:

  • National formulary
  • Ondansetron drug profile 2 , 3, 4

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