Morphine (Opioid Analgesic) is effective in relieving moderate to severe pain. Patient response to morphine may vary. It remains the most valuable analgesic for severe pain. In certain cases, it may cause a state of euphoria and mental detachment. repeated administration of morphine may cause
dependence and tolerance.
| Parameters | Description |
|---|---|
| Category of Drug | Morphine is the main alkaloid of opium. It is an Opioid Analgesics. It remains the most valuable analgesic for severe pain. |
| Mechanism of Action | Morphine and its metabolites act as agonists of the mu and kappa opioid receptors (1). |
| Indications | Morphine (Opioid Analgesic) is used in 1. In severe pain (acute and chronic) 2. Myocardial infarction, 3. Acute pulmonary oedema adjunct during major surgery and postoperative analgesia 4. Prolonged relief of severe and intractable pain. |
| Well Known Pharmaceutical Brands | 1. RUMORF- RUSAN HEALTHCARE 2. MORCONTIN- MODI MUNDI PHARMA 3. MORPHITROY- TROIKA PHARMA |
| Available dosage forms | 1. INJECTION 2. TABLETS |
| Dose | Acute pain: 10 mg every 4 h. |
| Structure |  |
| Molecular Details | Molecular Formula- C17H19NO3 Molecular Weight- 285.34 g/mol |
| IUPAC Name | (4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol |
| Pharmacokinetic properties | 1. onset of 6-30 minutes 2. bioavailability-80-100% 3. Tmax of 15 minutes (parenteral) 4. Tmax of 90 minutes (oral) 5. Vd- 5.31L/kg 6. 35% protein-bound 7. Morphine metabolites- codeine, normorphine, and morphine ethereal sulfate 8. 70-80%- excreted within 48 hours 9. half-life of 2-3 hours |
| Contraindications | 1. Acute respiratory depression 2. Obstructive airway disease 3. Acute alcoholism 4. Raised intracranial pressure or head injury |
| Precautions | 1. Renal and hepatic impairment 2. Reduce dose or avoid in elderly and debilitated 3. Dependence 4. Hypothyroidism 5. Convulsive disorders 6. Decreased respiratory reserve and acute asthma 7. Hypotension 8. Pregnancy 9. Interactions |
| Adverse Effects | 1. Nausea 2. Vomiting 3. Constipation 4. Anorexia 5. Spasm of urinary and biliary tract 6. Sweating 7. Headache 8. Facial flushing 9. Hallucinations 10. Euphoria |
| Pregnancy Category | C |
Refer:
Pingback: NSAIDs: Pain Relief, Classification, Uses - PharmaCampus
Pingback: Tramadol- Popular brands, Uses, and Pharmacology - PharmaCampus
Pingback: Pentazocine- Popular brands, uses, and pharmacology - PharmaCampus