Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Physicochemical Properties

Proflavine: Physicochemical Properties

Name	Proflavine: Antiseptics and Disinfectant
Nomenclature	3-6-ACRIDINEDIAMINE 3,6-Diaminoacridine
IUPAC Name	Acridine-3,6-Diamine
Chemical Structure
Uses	Anti-infective Topical antiseptic Disinfect Bacterio-static (stops the further growth of reproducing bacteria) Proflavine inhibits vaccine viral synthesis
Physical properties	Physical state and appearance – Solid orange to red powder Melting point- 285 °C Boiling point- 507 °C at 760mmHg Solubility- mostly Soluble in polar solvent such as ethanol, water. Insoluble in non-polar solvent (Benzene ether)
Chemical properties	Molecular weight – 209.25 g/mol Molecular formula – C13 H11N3
Stability and storage condition	Store at cold condition i.e. 4 to 8 °C Light sensitive and hydroscopic Proflavine is stable for 1 year under cold conditions
Brand name	Bayer Pessaries MolcaSepticide

Benzalkonium chloride: Physicochemical Properties

Name	Benzalkonium chloride : Antiseptics and Disinfectant
Nomenclature	ADBAC  Alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride  N-Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride  Alkyldimethyl(phenylmethyl)quaternary ammonium chlorides  Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride
Chemical Structure
Uses	Surfactant Antibacterial agents (bactericide- kill the microorganism) Preservatives Antiseptic Detergent
Physical properties	Colourless or yellowish powder Melting point- 29-34 °C Solubility- freely soluble in water at 20°C
Chemical properties	Molecular formula – C9 H13ClNR (R= C8H17 to C18H37) Molecular weight – 372.028g/mol (C22 H42ClNO) Class of quaternary ammonium compounds It having different lengths of alkyl group vary C8 to C18. For the maximum bactericidal activity found in C12 – C14 alkyl group
Stability and storage condition	Store at room temperatureKept in tightly closed container
Brand name	Alfa Drops CFC(ointment) Ciplox D Hyamine 3500 Antibacterial soap

Phenol: Physicochemical Properties

Name	Phenol  : Antiseptics and Disinfectant
Nomenclature	Benzenol Carbolic acid Hydroxybenzene Phenic acid Phenyl hydroxide Oxybenzene
Chemical Structure
Uses	Antiseptic Detergent Oral analgesic
Physical properties	White crystalline powder or solution. Solution can be white to slight pink color It has a distinct aromatic phenolic odor Melting point- 40 – 42 °C Boiling point- 182 °C Solubility- slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in chloroform, ether, glycerol, and fixed oil
Chemical properties	Molecular formula – C6 H6O or  C6 H5OH  Molecular weight –  94.11 g/mol
Stability and storage condition	Store at dry, cool place
Brand name	Blistex Chloraseptic Phenyle

Cetrimide: Physicochemical Properties

Name	Cetrimide: Antiseptics and Disinfectant
Nomenclature	Myristyltrimethylammonium bromide Tetraadonium bromide TTAB MITMAB Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
Chemical Structure
Uses	Antiseptic Disinfectant
Physical properties	Colourless crystalline powder Melting point- 245-250 °C Solubility- slightly soluble in water
Chemical properties	Molecular formula – C17 H38BrN Molecular weight – 336.4 g/mol
Stability and storage condition	Hygroscopic Incompatible with oxidizing agents Store at cool temperature Stable under normal condition
Brand name	Cetavlon Sacbrace Scabus Hexiwil-C Ketona

Chloroxylenol: Physicochemical Properties

Name	Chloroxylenol: Antiseptics and Disinfectant
Nomenclature	p-chloro-3,5-xylenol2-chloro-m-xylenol2-chloro-5-hydroxy-m-xylene
Chemical Structure
Uses	Antiseptic Disinfectant Antimicrobial
Physical properties	Phenolic odor Boiling point- 246 °C Melting point- 112-116 °C Solubility-  soluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in pet ether and benzene
Chemical properties	Molecular formula – C8 H9ClO Molecular weight – 156.61 g/mol
Stability and storage condition	Store at room temperature It stable when exposed to sunlight and humidity It also stable at higher temperature (54°C)
Brand name	Dettol Hand wash & soap

Formaldehyde solution: Physicochemical Properties

Name	Formaldehyde solution: Antiseptics and Disinfectant
Nomenclature	Formalin Methanal Formol Methylene oxide
Chemical Structure
Uses	Preservative Antimicrobial
Physical properties	Colorless aqueous solutionPungent smell Boiling point-  (-19) °C Melting point- (-92) °C Solubility-  soluble in water, ethanol and chloroform
Chemical properties	Molecular formula – CH2O Molecular weight – 30.026 g/mol
Stability and storage condition	Store at room temperature or cool temperature Flammable should be kept in air tightly sealed container and away from flame prone area Dilute solution of formaldehyde can be stabled at 2 °C for one week
Brand name	Dettol Hand wash & soap

Hexachlorophene: Physicochemical Properties

Name	Hexachlorophene: Antiseptics and Disinfectant
Nomenclature	2,2’-methylenebis(3,4,6-trichlorophenol)
Chemical Structure
Uses	DisinfectantAntiseptic
Physical properties	Colorless free flowing powder Slight characteristic phenolic odor Boiling point-  479 °C Melting point- 166.5 °C Solubility-  Insoluble in water; soluble in chloroform, PEG
Chemical properties	Molecular formula – C13H6Cl6O2 Molecular weight – 406.90 g/mol
Stability and storage condition	Store at room temperature up to 25 °C Stored in air tightly sealed container and away
Brand name	pHisoHex

Nitrofurantoin: Physicochemical Properties

Name	Nitrofurantoin: Antiseptics and Disinfectant
Nomenclature	1-[(E)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione
Chemical Structure
Uses	Disinfectant Antiseptic
Physical properties	Lemon yellow crystals Bitter taste Melting point- 263-272 °C Solubility-  Insoluble in water and ether; slightly soluble in alcohol
Chemical properties	Molecular formula – C8H6N4O5 Molecular weight –238.16 g/mol
Stability and storage condition	Store at room temperature up to 30 °C Stored in air tightly sealed container and away
Brand name	Trifuran tabFuradantin tab

References:

1. Proflavine
2. Benzalkonium Chloride
3. phenol
4. cetrimide
5. Chloroxylenol
6. Formaldehyde
7. Hexachlorophene
8. Nitrofurantoin