| Parameters | Details |
|---|---|
| Category of Drug | Propranolol for migraine. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for preventing migraine attacks. |
| Mechanism of Action | Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Beta-blockers reduce the frequency of migraine attacks in 60 to 80 percent of people (1) |
| Structure |  |
| Indications | Propranolol for migraine is used as a prophylaxis (of migraine) |
| Pharmacokinetic properties | 1. Tmax – 2 hours 2. Vd- 4L/kg 3. Protein binding- Approximately 90% of propranolol is protein-bound in plasma. 4. Metabolism- 17% of a dose undergoes glucuronidation and 42% undergo ring oxidation. 5. Route of elimination- 91% in the urine 6. Half-life- 8 hours. |
| Well Known Pharmaceutical Brands | 1. CIPLAR- CIPLA 2. BETACAP-TR- SUN 3. INDERAL- ABBOTT 4. PROVANOL- INTAS PHARMA |
| Available dosage forms | 1. TABLETS 2. CAPSULES 3. INJECTION  |
| Dose | 80 mg/day PO divided q6-8hr initially; may be increased by 20-40 mg/day every 3-4 weeks; not to exceed 160-240 mg/day divided q6-8hr (2) |
| Pharmacokinetic properties | 1. Tmax – 2 hours 2. Vd- 4L/kg 3. Protein binding- Approximately 90% of propranolol is protein-bound in plasma. 4. Metabolism- 17% of a dose undergoes glucuronidation and 42% undergo ring oxidation. 5. Route of elimination- 91% in the urine 6. Half-life- 8 hours. |
| Contraindications | 1. Asthma or history of obstructive airway disease 2. Uncontrolled heart failure 3. Prinzmetal angina 4. Marked bradycardia 5. Hypotension 6. Sick sinus syndrome 7. Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block 8. Cardiogenic shock 9. Metabolic acidosis 10. Severe peripheral arterial disease 11. Pheochromocytoma |
| Precautions | 1. First-degree atrioventricular block 2. Renal impairment 3. Liver disease 4. Pregnancy 5. Lactation 6. Portal hypertension 10. Diabetes Mellitus 11. Myasthenia gravis 10. History of hypersensitivity |
| Adverse Effects | 1. Bradycardia 2. Heart failure 3. Hypotension 4. Conduction disorders 5. Bronchospasm 6. Peripheral vasoconstriction 7. Exacerbation of intermittent claudication and Raynaud phenomenon 8. Gastrointestinal disturbances 9. Fatigue 10. Sleep disturbances |
| Pregnancy Category | C |
